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Physiological Science
Physiological science is the study of life processes in the organism. Physiology examines functional processes in the body, their regulation and self-regulation, the interaction of the organism with the external environment, and information exchange between individuals. From the perspective of functional systems theory, the subject of physiology is the interaction of various body functions that ensure systemic patterns aimed at maintaining the organism’s vital activity as a whole.
Physiology is divided into plant physiology, animal physiology, and human physiology. Human physiology includes several subfields: normal physiology, which studies the functions of tissues, organs, and systems in a healthy organism; pathological physiology, which studies pathological processes in the body; and clinical physiology, which examines changes in functional processes during various diseases. Physiology does not have clear boundaries separating it from other medical sciences. It extends its interests both broadly, studying pathological processes and disease mechanisms, and deeply, exploring both physicochemical mechanisms of functional processes and human mental functions. Physiology is an experimental science. All its theoretical principles, laws, and properties are formulated based on numerous experiments on animals and studies of functions in healthy and sick humans. Physiology is a complex body of knowledge that incorporates information from various sciences. It uses knowledge from biology, physics, chemistry, mathematics, cybernetics, anatomy, histology, biophysics, immunology, and genetics.
Infection is the introduction of microorganisms into the human body that lead to the development of infectious diseases.
Infectious diseases are diseases caused by microorganisms, fungi, viruses, etc.
Physiological Characteristics of Individuals Aged 18 to 25
In young people aged 18 to 25, the processes of internal organ and system formation are completed, and active growth ceases. At 18 years old – complete fusion of pelvic bones and lower sternal processes occurs; formation of foot bones is completed. At 18-19 years old, the formation of the reproductive system is completed: ovulatory cycles in women and rhythmic testosterone secretion and mature sperm production in men are established. At 20 years old – formation of spinal curves is completed. Resting heart rate in individuals aged 18 to 25 is 61 beats per minute, and during work it reaches 170–180. Breathing depth, lung vital capacity, and minute ventilation increase. Hormonal regulation becomes more coordinated. The role of the cerebral cortex in regulating all processes increases, and inhibition is strengthened.
The Impact of Infectious Diseases on Physiology and Academic Performance of Students Aged 18 to 25
Infectious diseases negatively affect the physiology and academic performance of students, especially those with reduced protective functions of the body. During active periods of infectious disease development, high morbidity rates are observed among students due to their close contact. When students contract infectious diseases, their concentration, memory quality, activity, and interest in classes decrease, leading to a decline in the quality of education and academic performance. These factors apply both to currently ill students and those in the adaptation period after an infectious disease. In cases of especially severe infectious diseases (such as meningitis, myelitis, encephalitis), brain and spinal cord structures are affected, which has a particularly negative impact on mental activity. Additionally, due to the prolonged course of these diseases, students miss a significant number of classes, further negatively affecting their academic performance.
Table
Research on academic performance levels of students in full physiological health and those affected by infectious diseases
Health Status | Concentration Level | Average Semester Grade | Memory Quality | Interest in Studies |
Full physiological health | 80–100% | 4–5 | 80–100% | 80–100% |
Students after ARVI | 80–90% | 4 | 80–90% | 80–90% |
Students after infectious mononucleosis | 60–80% | 4 | 60–80% | 60–80% |
Students after meningitis, myelitis, etc. | 20–30% | 3.5–4.1 | 30–45% | 60–70% |
Conclusion
Physiology is the science of the regularities of functional processes in the organism; it forms knowledge about molecular and cellular mechanisms of organ and tissue organization. It reveals the principles of local, hormonal, and nervous regulation of body functions. Physiology explains the rules of self-regulation of bodily functions aimed at maintaining homeostasis through functional systems. It explains variants of organism interaction with the external environment and interactions among individuals in society. Infectious diseases are diseases caused by microorganisms, fungi, viruses, etc. Infectious diseases negatively affect the physiology and academic performance of students, especially those with reduced protective functions of the body.
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