Organizing the safe removal of hair extensions without damaging the structure of natural hair

Introduction

The preservation of hair health and appearance remains a critical issue amid the growing interest in hair care methods and hairstyle modifications. One of the most in-demand services in the beauty industry is hair extensions, which allow for changes in length, volume, and texture. However, this procedure requires caution when removing the extensions. Mistakes during this process can damage natural hair, highlighting the importance of proper removal techniques.

Hair extensions are attached using various techniques, such as capsule-based, tape-in, wefted, and ultrasonic methods. Each technique has specific features that impose unique requirements for the removal process. Improper use of chemicals, mechanical tools, or thermal effects can harm the hair cuticle and cortex. This results in brittleness, dryness, and reduced elasticity. The absence of clear standards for the safe removal of hair extensions increases the risk of damage, as confirmed by findings in scientific studies.

The growing popularity of hair extensions in salons and at home emphasizes the importance of raising awareness among professionals and clients about safe removal methods. Incorrect actions can lead to a deterioration in hair condition. Therefore, the development of effective methods for removing hair extensions holds significant practical value.

The aim of this study is to analyze modern technologies for hair extension removal and to develop recommendations for minimizing damage to natural hair.

Materials and Methods

Laser technologies are actively used to address hair growth issues. The scientific work by Lee C. M. [4, p. 481-490] examines the application of lasers for treating facial hirsutism in women. The author highlights the method’s impact on managing unwanted hair while focusing on cosmetic care aspects. Various laser types, their effects on the skin, and potential side effects are considered.

The research by Town G. et al. [5, p. 481-490] explores the use of light-based devices for at-home hair removal. The study investigates the operational features of these devices, the effectiveness of procedures, and safety parameters. Lower-power devices create opportunities for independent care. The authors also address the selection of equipment based on individual skin characteristics and approaches to preventing adverse reactions.

In the article by Triwongwaranat D. et al. [6, p. 2697-2700], the focus is on reactions to synthetic hair and methods for addressing related complications. The discussion includes the use of synthetic materials in cosmetology and medical applications, as well as solutions aimed at treating infections and allergic reactions caused by these materials.

The study by Gao Y., Maurer T. and Mirmirani P. [7, p. 517-527] addresses hair care among transgender individuals. The authors describe changes in hair growth due to hormone therapy and challenges associated with hypertrichosis and hirsutism. A comprehensive approach is proposed, encompassing medical assistance and psychological support. However, the discussion leaves open the topic of applying technologies for independent care. Procedures using at-home devices are viewed as less effective compared to professional methods, but such devices are more accessible to a wider audience. The impact of hormone therapy on hair structure and growth requires further research to develop optimal solutions.

Modern laser devices often include systems with multiple wavelengths, allowing for the treatment of various hair types. The study by Lehavit A. et al. [1, p. 515-518] investigates the use of multi-wavelength devices that impact hair of different colors and textures. One emerging area of interest is home-use technologies. Garden J. M. et al. [2, p. 498-503] evaluate the effectiveness of combined radiofrequency and optical devices designed for home use. However, the authors emphasize the need for additional experiments to assess their long-term effects.

Kaushik V., Chogale R. and Mhaskar S. [3, p. 7-15] have developed a methodology for objectively evaluating hair damage caused by various procedures. This approach opens new possibilities for standardizing diagnostics and treatment of damage resulting from mechanical and chemical impacts.

A review of scientific studies reveals unresolved issues and contradictions in the field of hair removal. One of these pertains to the safety of laser technologies for patients with dark skin. Some studies highlight a high risk of complications, while others claim that modern technologies are safe. Addressing these issues requires long-term research focused on developing unified standards and technologies that consider the characteristics of different skin and hair types.

The methodology of this study includes an analysis of mechanical and chemical methods and recommendations for selecting tools and formulations for removing hair extensions.

Results and Discussion

Hair extension methods include capsule, tape, weft, and ultrasonic techniques. Each method has its specific features, which determine the approaches to removal. Figure 1 illustrates the existing hair extension methods.

Fig. 1. Methods of hair extension [2, p. 498-503; 4, p. 140-144; 6, p. 2697-2700; 7, p. 517-527]

Each method requires specialized tools and chemical agents, which influence the choice of removal technique. When removing hair extensions, it is essential to consider the physicochemical characteristics of their structure. Natural hair consists of several layers, which are represented in figure 2 for better understanding.

Fig. 2. Layers of natural hair [1, p. 515-518; 3, p. 7-15; 6, p. 2697-2700]

The process of removing hair extensions is associated with certain risks to hair health, specifically:

• Damage to the cuticle makes hair more vulnerable.
• Overstrain of the cortical layer leads to brittleness.
• Loss of moisture results in dryness and dullness of the hair [1, p. 515-518; 3, p. 7-15].

Considering these factors during the removal process is crucial to minimize damage and preserve the integrity of the hair. Proper removal requires careful handling to maintain the structure of natural strands and reduce potential harm.

Solvents and chemical agents play a significant role in the hair extension removal process. Various solutions are used:

• Alcohol-based solvents. Effective for breaking down adhesive and silicone bonds, though improper use may lead to hair dryness.
• Oil-based emulsions. Efficiently dissolve adhesives while moisturizing the hair. Oils such as coconut and argan help restore hair structure.
• Keratin softeners. Used for capsule extensions, these minimize cuticle damage due to their low pH.

When using chemical agents, it is important to follow the instructions and perform a patch test on a small section of hair to prevent allergic reactions.

If discussing the mechanical method of removal, it requires precision and the use of specialized tools. The following aspects are essential:

• Use of sharp tools. Scissors and blades must be specifically designed for hair work to prevent damage.
• Gradual combing. Utilizing combs with wide teeth reduces friction, preventing hair damage.
• Targeted strand separation. Manually separating knots and tangles ensures control over the process and minimizes risks of harm.

The use of professional tools and adherence to careful handling techniques helps avoid hair damage.

Preparing the hair before removal and restoring it afterward are crucial. For preparation, it is recommended to:

• Cleanse the hair with a gentle shampoo to remove impurities.
• Apply protective products, such as leave-in conditioners or oils, to create a protective barrier.

Post-procedure care should include:

• Masks with keratin and amino acids to strengthen the hair.
• Moisturizing conditioners with hyaluronic acid or panthenol to restore hydration balance.
• Serums and oils to prevent dryness.

Several methods for removing hair extensions, their characteristics, benefits, and limitations will be detailed below.

In capsule hair extensions, the strands are attached using keratin or resin capsules, ensuring secure fixation. Removal involves the use of alcohol-, oil-, or acetone-based solvents to soften the capsules. The solvent is applied to each capsule, which is then softened using pliers. Once softened, the capsule is easily removed from the hair, and any residue is combed out [3, p. 7-15].

Table 1

Advantages and disadvantages of removing hair extensions with capsule type [2, p. 498-503; 4, p. 140-144; 6, p. 2697-2700; 7, p. 517-527]

Ribbon hair extensions are attached using an adhesive composition that secures the strands. Oils or specialized sprays are used to dissolve the adhesive during removal. The solvent is evenly applied to the ribbons, which are then gently removed by hand. Residual glue is removed using a comb or cloth, and the hair is cleaned with shampoo. Below, table 2 describes the advantages and disadvantages of this method.

Table 2

Advantages and disadvantages of removing hair extensions with a ribbon type [2, p. 498-503; 4, p. 140-144; 6, p. 2697-2700; 7, p. 517-527]

Micro ring extensions are secured with metal or silicone rings at the base of natural hair strands. Removal involves a specialized tool to unfasten the rings, freeing the strand. After removal, natural hair is combed to eliminate tangles. Below, table 3 describes the advantages and disadvantages of this method.

Table 3

Advantages and disadvantages of micro ring hair removal [2, p. 498-503; 4, p. 140-144; 6, p. 2697-2700; 7, p. 517-527]

Tress extensions involve sewing artificial strands onto braids or another base. For removal, the stylist carefully unbraids the hair or cuts the threads. The process demands attention to avoid hair damage [5, p. 481-490]. Below, table 4 describes the advantages and disadvantages of this method.

Table 4

Advantages and disadvantages of removing hair extensions by the tress method [2, p. 498-503; 4, p. 140-144; 6, p. 2697-2700; 7, p. 517-527]

Due to the unique structure and condition of each individual's hair, it is necessary to develop a personalized approach. Several factors must be considered:

• Hair type. Thick hair requires specific removal methods to avoid excessive tension.
• Scalp condition. Sensitive skin necessitates the use of gentle removal products.
• Previous treatments. Procedures such as coloring or straightening can weaken hair structure, requiring caution during removal.

Proper diagnosis before the procedure helps minimize risks and select the optimal removal method [7, p. 517-527]. Below, table 5 compares different methods of hair extension removal.

Table 5

Comparison of removal methods [1, p. 515-518; 2, p. 498-503; 6, p. 2697-2700; 7, p. 517-527]

Each method has specific characteristics that should be considered based on the hair's condition and the client's needs. Accounting for hair structure, scalp condition, and method specifics ensures safe and effective removal. Non-chemical methods require more time and precision but minimize risks to natural hair strands. Solvent-based methods, when used correctly, are also safe and provide quicker results.

Conclusion

Hair extension removal is a multi-step process requiring careful attention to the physical, chemical, and biological properties of hair, as well as the technological processes used during extension. Scientific research has demonstrated that the successful removal of artificial strands is achieved through a comprehensive approach, including the selection of appropriate methods based on the extension type and the individual characteristics of the client's hair.

An analysis of various removal methods revealed that capsule, ribbon, tress, and ultrasonic extensions require specialized tools and chemical solutions for safe removal. The optimal approach combines mechanical techniques with solvents that have low acidity or an oil base. This method minimizes damage to the cuticle and cortex, preserving the hair's structure.

Preparation before removing extensions and post-procedure care are crucial. Restorative products such as keratin masks and oils are recommended to repair damaged structure and prevent hair weakening.

This approach is valuable for beauty professionals, trichologists, and developers of hair care products. In conclusion, the safe removal of hair extensions is achievable through strict adherence to scientific practices and the proper selection of techniques and materials. These measures ensure the health of natural hair while minimizing potential risks.