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Problems of teaching Abai's creative heritage at schools

Problems of teaching Abai's creative heritage at schools

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Рубрика

Педагогика

Ключевые слова

Kazakh literature
Abai studies
teaching methods
Abai's legacy
teaching problems

Аннотация статьи

Abai made a huge contribution to Kazakh poetry, he created new poetic dimensions. The poet rebelled against backwardness and routine in public life, joyfully welcomed with all his soul the new things that he himself witnessed. He encouraged young people to study, to master science, various new crafts, advised them to work honestly for the benefit of society. Abai attached special importance to family education in the education of young people. The first and most important educators, teachers, according to Abai, are parents. Abai firmly believed that time, full of ignorance and darkness, would go away, and it would be replaced by a bright world that would be built by the young. Recently, questions have been raised more and more often: "Is it necessary to study the works of Abai", "Is it necessary to recognize the legacy of Abai". Despite the fact that after gaining independence, the education system has stabilized, we have a counter question "How to properly build a program and methods of teaching the work of Abai so that they can learn his heritage and spirituality in many ways", "What problems arise when teaching Abai studies at school?". The main questions of the article are "How is Abai studies taught now?", "What are students taught?", "How many works are taught?", "What program is taught?".

Текст статьи

Abai Kunanbayev is a great personality recognized all over the world. The uniqueness of Abai is in its universalism and spiritual versatility. Abai created 170 poems and 56 translations, wrote poems, "Words of edification" ("Kara sozder" 45). Poets and scientists of the East who adhered to humanistic ideas (Firdousi, Alisher Navoi, Nizami, Fuzuli, Ibn Sina and others), as well as works of Russian classics, and through them European literature, influenced the formation of Abai's worldview. Abai found his vocation in introducing his people to the achievements of western culture.

In 1932, for the first time Kazakh literature became a separate discipline and the program included Abai's works. In 1932-1933 the first works of Abai were taught at the seven-year school of factory and collective farm youth. In the following years 1934, 1938, 1941, 1947, 1951, 1958, 1961-1970, 1971-1972, 1981-1982, 1989-90 the program for teaching Kazakh literature to Abai's work was constantly updated and improved. Basically, in the Soviet school, his poems devoted to the seasons, science-education, and art were regularly taught from Abai's works. During the Soviet period, only poems from Abai's work were selected in these programs. He himself was interpreted in accordance with socialist interests. In the 1930 aitys around Abai's legacy, the influence of socialism prevailed, and knowledge in the "literary circle" was reflected in school curricula. During the Soviet period, Abai's religious and philosophical works were not taught at all. And some words on the topic of science-education are borrowed only in high school. In the middle classes, the "Thirty-first Word of Edification" was first presented in the draft program of 1997. At the same time, that until now the problem of representing the golden core of Abai's creativity, grouping Abai's works according to the ideological and substantive meaning, remains imperfect [1, p.85].

The course "Abai studies", founded by M. Auezov, has been taught for more than 80 years by students mastering philological specialties. M. Auezov for the first time in 1942-1943 opened a special course in Abai studies at the Kazakh Philological Faculty of Al-Farabi Kazakh State University.

But in the Soviet era, they did not study and did not teach at their level. The proof of this is that M. Auezov presented the program of the course "Abai studies" in 1951, but due to political pressure at that time, those enrolled in the course program were specifically canceled.

Has this gap in the curricula been corrected and replaced after independence? In order to make sure that the "New Generation" project was developed in 1997, which was based on Abai's works in the program used until 2013:

5th grade

 "Kys", "Gylym tappai maktanba"

6th grade

"Shokpardai kekili bar kamys kulak". "Kulaktan kirin boydy alar", "Asempaz bolma arnege", "Otyz birinshi kara soz"

7th grade

 "Kansonarda burkitshi shygady anga", "Karangy tunde tau kalgyp", "Zhiyrma togyzynshy kara soz"

8th grade

 "Adamnyn keybir kezderi", "Ole – sozdin patshasy, soz sarasy", "Abdirahman olgende", "Abdirahman olimine"

9th grade

 "Sabyrsyz, arsyz, yerinshek", "Men zhazbaymyn olendi ermek ushin", "Maz bolady bolysyn", "Segiz ayak", "Eskendir" (dastan) (5 lessons)

10th grade

"Gylym tappai maktanba", "Men zhazbaymyn olendi ermek ushin", "Olen – sozdin patshasy soz sarasy", "Asempaz bolma arnege", "Adamnyn keybir kezderi", "Sabyrsyz, arsyz, yerinshek", "Zhelsiz tunde zharyk ai", " Kunil kusy kuykylzhyr shartarapka", "Bilimdiden shykkan soz", "Olsem, ornim kara zher syz bolmay ma?" "Eskendir". "Karangy tunde tau kalgyp", "Tatyananyn khaty", "Oneginnin khaty", "Yesek pen bulbul", "Pil men kanden" and etc.

As it is already noticeable, a lot of attention was paid to Abai's works and his works on each topic were included. And also, when grouping Abai's works by classes, certain positions, thematic and ideological content were not taken into account, but there were some materials in the content. The program from grades 5 to 11 includes 19 poems,1 poem, 6 translations, 7 words of edification.

Let's pay attention to the textbooks "Literary reading", "Kazakh literature" in grades 2-11 of secondary schools:

Class

Included works

Publishing house

Authors

2nd class

 "Zhazgytury"

Almaty, "Atamura"

B.T. Kabatay,

V. А. Kalieva,

U. К. Zeynetollina

3nd class

"Gylymga kunil bolseniz..."

Almaty, "Atamura"

B.T. Kabatay,

V. А. Kalieva,

U. К. Zeynetollina

4th grade

"Zhasymda gylym bar dep eskermedim...",

"The fifteenth Word" (excerpt from the words edification)

Almaty, "Almaty Kitap" Publishing House, 2019

Z. Muftibekova,

A. Ryskulbekova

5th grade

Not included

Almaty, "Atamura"

Aktanova A.S., Zhundibayeva A.K.

6th grade

 "Men zhazbaymyn olendi ermek ushin", "Gylym tappai maktanba", "Birinshi soz", "Zhetinshi soz", "Otyz birinshi soz"

Almaty, "Atamura"

Aktanova A.S., Zhundibayeva A.K., Zhumekenova L.K.

7th grade

Not included

Almaty, "Atamura"

Aktanova A.S., Zhundibayeva A.K.

8th grade

Not included

Almaty, "Atamura" 2018

Aktanova A.S., Zhundibayeva A.K.

9th grade

Not included

Almaty, "Atamura" 2019

Aktanova A.S., Zhundibayeva A.K., Zhumekenova L.K.

10th grade

Abay shygarmashylygy, Abaydyn keybir osiet sozderi, "Segizayak", "Ole- sozdin patshasy, soz sarasy", "Konglim kaitty dostan da, duspannan da", "Sabyrsyz, arsyz, yerinshek", "Kalyn elim , kazagym , kayran zhurty" , "Bolys boldym , mineki", "Lai suga may bitpes koi otkenge"," Eskendir" poema

Almaty, "Atamura"

Aktanova A.S., Zhundibayeva A.K., Zhumekenova L.K.

11th grade

M.Auezov "Abai zholy" epic novel

Almaty, "Atamura"

Aktanova A.S., Zhundibayeva A.K., Zhumekenova L.K.

 

To date, only one work dedicated to Abai (the novel "Abai zholy") and 7 own words of edification, 12 poems are taught at schools.

Unfortunately, in the updated content programs that are taught today, Abai's legacy did not reach the degree of his teaching back in the Soviet period. According to the program, students first get acquainted with the heritage of Abai in the sixth grade, before that, in primary school textbooks, there are only a brief biography and 1 line of poems. Thus, in secondary schools, Abai's themes cover only 9 poems, 6 words of edification and one poem.

To date, the subject of "Abai studies" is not taught in all schools. Despite the fact that, in accordance with the updated content, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Al-Nair publishing house have developed textbooks and anthologies on the subject of "Abai studies" for grades 5-11, methodological guidelines for teachers, which are planned to be put into effect from the 2022-2023 academic year as the main subject.

Until one general program, one printed textbook is assigned and launched, everyone will continue to study independently.

Our pedagogical and civic task is to present the great classic Kazakh poet, our great nation, to realize that every word has no weight if it has no value and nobility, despite the fact that it has been preserved for a thousand years. Therefore, the training of Abai's work should be adjusted, starting from the school.

Список литературы

  1. Dulatov M. Abai / in the book: "Read Abai, be surprised ... Comp. by M. Myrzakhmetov. - Almaty: Native language, 1993. p.160.
  2. The works of M. Zhumabaev. Volume 1. Almaty "Zhazushy", 2013.
  3. "Abay studies" 5th grade, Aubakir Zhandos Magarbekovich, Kunafina Gulnara Agzanovna, Nurlybayeva Zhanar Nurakhymovna, Smagulova Akmaral Tuleugazinovna, Almaty, Al-Nair Publishing House, 2022.
  4. "Abai studies" 7th grade, Aubakir Zh. M., Kunafina G. А., Nurlybayeva Zh. N., Smagulova A.T., Almaty, "Al-Nair" baspasy, 2022.
  5. "Abai studies" 8th grade, Aubakir Zh. M., Kunafina G. А., Nurlybayeva Zh. N., Smagulova A. T., Almaty, Al - Nair Publishing house, 2022.
  6. R. Syzdykova "The language of Abai's works", Nauka Publishing house, 1968.
  7. K. K.Bitibaeva "Teaching Abai's works", Almaty "Mektep" 2003.

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Abenova D. B. Problems of teaching Abai's creative heritage at schools // Актуальные исследования. 2023. №17 (147). Ч.II.С. 22-25. URL: https://apni.ru/article/6096-problems-of-teaching-abais-creative-heritage

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